GPS for Nikon D7000 (or D90)

I recently bought a D7000, and noticed it had a GPS input. Since I already had the GPS module (see the GPS label) I was wondering if I could connect the two. It turned out to be easier than expected: the GPS module accepts 4-6V (and the D7000 outputs 5.9V) so no regulation is necessary. The GPS output is 3.3V, and my Nikon D7000 accepts that without any problems (I've read reports of other Nikons that need a higher voltage, in which case you can use the 74HCT125 as mentioned in this schematic.

The trickiest bit is finding which cables to connect, however, there are enough resources online, like this blog for the D90, that explain it rather accurately.

I put the GPS inside a mini Altoid box, and will probably use the foot that I had for my Minolta project. To activate the GPS on the camera you need to go to the GPS menu. On the LCD display you can see the status: if it is blinking it means you connected everything correctly, but the GPS hasn't locked on yet. If it is solid, it is in use. Note that the Nikon stops listening to the stream if the data isn't being used for a while, but it keeps powering the GPS (I believe even when the camera is turned off, so you may wish to unplug if you want to save the batteries).

Version 2 GPS software

Version 2 of the GPS had a new program, although some of the old software is still recognizable.

It first initializes the variables, and the LCD display. It also sets the serial port for 4800 bps communication, which is what is needed for the GPS module. This means output to the PC will also be in this speed. The LCD activation sequence is always the same, as the R/W line is pulled down, we need to have maximum delays (160uS and 5ms respectively). Finally the software displays a . on the display to indicate that something is happening.

During the start loop it reads from the GPS until a valid string is read. If the button is pressed during this time, it is remembered so that the location can be recorded.

During the main loop it continues to read from the GPS and makes sure that a valid sentence is stored separately for later recording. The SendString routine sends the GPS string from the sentence that is at location Number. This is used to display relevant information for each screen.

There are a number of states, that can be cycled through using the button. In one state it works normally, displaying the location and recording locations and pictures in case the camera triggers the flash port. In various other states different information is displayed. In the sending state it displays "Sending..." and sends the complete memory to the PC over the serial port.

Other routines handle the storing in external memory, the reading from external memory, the writing and reading from the serial port, and the recognizing of a valid sentence and skipping all the other information from the GPS module.

The detecting of the switches is done with a separate routine, which sets a flag when it happens. This routine is called as often as possible, to make sure no button presses are missed.

Serial port for the new GPS

Version 2 of the GPS has a more complicated serial port interface, as it has two functions. The original only had to read from the GPS, and store the results in memory, the new version also has to be able to send the result to a PC. Unlike version 1, which used an external GPS and therefore used a regular serial input, version 2 uses an actual GPS module. The second version also has to be able to output to a PC, something that was not covered at all in the first version.

The connection to the GPS module has some intricacies, because the GPS module, despite having a 4-6V input, had only a 3.3V output. Glancing through the data sheets of the PIC16F628A this might seem to be no problem, until one notices that the serial input port of this microcontroller uses Schmitt Trigger inputs, which means the minimum voltage for a '1' is 4V. To do the conversion I used a 74HCT125, which accepts a large range of input voltages, and converts them to whatever voltage is set on Vcc. Of course it is a bit of a waste of the other 3 buffers inside this chip, but it works and makes it very unlikely to damage the GPS module. An alternative would be to run the PIC16F628A on 3.3V, but this would cause other difficulties, for example with the interface to the LCD display, which needs 5V. Apart from the buffer, the connection to the GPS is very simple, as there is no other conversion necessary.

To connect to the PC we would officially have to output +12V and -12V signals. Clearly this is not easy with 5V power, and even if we used the 9V battery power we would still run into trouble with negative voltages. Fortunately there is the DS275. This small component leeches voltage from the RS232 interface of the PC and uses that voltage to send the messages to the PC. Of course, a PC might not have the right voltage (in fact, often they do not) but you would expect a PC to be able to read its own voltage levels back. The DS275 covers the -12V, for the +12V it uses Vdrv, which in this case is still connected to +5V. As the RS232 specification states that anything above +3V should be considered legal, +5V is fine, though barely. Hooking up the DS275 is very staightforward. As you can see it handles reads as well, but in this case it is not used. However, on the PC side the read should still be connected to allow access to the voltage levels. Note that if you decide to use the DS275 for sending AND receiving you should realise the component is NOT full duplex. You can either send or receive, but not both at the same time. If you need to do this, you might want to consider the Maxim 232 range of devices, which will be covered at another time.

Of course, you can see the decoupling capacitors of 0.1uF everywhere in the schematic. The GPS, the DS275 and the 74HCT125 all need them. Also, the plug used for the serial port is female, in this case, and this is why pins 2 and 3 were swapped compared to the previous schematic.

Camera GPS official version

The final version of the camera GPS had to be smaller. In fact, a number of things needed to happen: smaller, lighter, own GPS module, PC connection and an LCD display. The picture shows the final version. Still slightly bigger and heavier than a flash module, with a rather clumsy 9V battery (which should clearly be replaced with a LiIon one) and a serial output port (which should become a USB port, which can also charge the LiIon battery). On the picture you can see the GPS module (the square at the top left) the LCD display (2x8 characters, on the right), the battery, the 6-pin ICSP connector, a white button, an on/off switch (at the bottom) and an RS-232 output (at the top). The system still uses the PIC16F628A and the 24LC512 memory. The circuit seems a bit awkward because of the attached flash port at the bottom. I did not yet make an enclosure for it.

On the picture you can see the GPS in operation. The display shows the number of the last picture taken (40) as well as the direction in degrees, the quadrant that we are in (NW) and the movement speed. Another picture, below, shows the actual coordinates, although the display is too small to show the smallest values: this is something that still needs to be addressed in the new version of the GPS software.

Camera GPS

Another project I work(ed) on was the camera GPS. The idea is that when you take a picture, your camera tends to send a signal to the flash port, which could trigger the flash if necessary. A very simple flash port just has an on/off switch, which could be hooked up to a GPS to record the current date, time and place so that you can later associate the picture with this information. The board shown here actually used to be a prototype for the servo controller featured elsewhere in this blog, but was modified to communicate with a gps. On the board you can see a 7-segment LED display in green, an on/off LED, a 24LC512 external EEPROM to store the results, a PIC16F628A microcontroller, an RS-232 input port that would hook up to the GPS, the usual 6-pin ICSP and a 74HC125, which seems useless but was used to hook up a smaller GPS module that worked on 3V. There is also the obvious 7805 power supply with 9V clip. This, as well as the software for the GPS camera controller, will all be explained in more detail in later posts, first another picture of the prototype hooked up to a camera (a Minolta X700 in this case, which worked really well).